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سلسله سونگ
At the time, the Song Dynasty had already relocated to the south and encouraged foreign merchants to enter China to promote international trade and Zhao Rugua had ample opportunities to meet with people from out- side of China.
Books dealing with foreign themes were published in Tang, as well as Notes from the Land beyond the Passes in the Song Dynasty, but they were historical literature, legal treatises, or travelogues, not specialized books on foreign coun- tries.
A book written by scientist and politician Shen Kuo (1031-1095) during the Song Dynasty, in which he details how to use a magnetic needle compass
Shen served as the head of the Song Dynasty's Bureau of Astronomy, and supported the socioeconomic re- forms of Wang Anshi (dE$TJ, 1021-1086).
Northern Dynasties down to the Song Dynasty.
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